Passkeys and Biometrics

Seed phrases were designed for machines, not humans. Passkeys — built on the WebAuthn standard — let users sign with Face ID, Touch ID, or a hardware security key. The private key never leaves the secure enclave on the device.

Passkeys pair naturally with account abstraction because validation happens in contract code, not in the EOA protocol layer. A wallet can accept WebAuthn signatures today and add a second factor or guardian approval tomorrow without changing the user's address.

Recovery still needs planning — losing a device without backup passkeys or guardians can lock you out just like losing a seed phrase. The best setups combine passkeys for daily use with social recovery or a secondary key stored separately.