Chapter 4
GPU and Compute Networks
GPU and compute DePIN networks aggregate idle graphics cards and servers into a marketplace for rendering, machine learning inference, and batch jobs. Render Network, Akash, io.net, and similar protocols compete with AWS and CoreWeave by pricing compute in tokens and routing work to distributed providers.
AI inference demand is the tailwind every compute DePIN cites. Training still clusters in hyperscaler clouds, but inference fragments across edge devices and regional GPUs where latency and cost matter. Token subsidies bootstrap supply; enterprise API billing and stablecoin payments signal durable demand.
Compare networks on hardware tiers (consumer vs data-center GPUs), isolation guarantees, failover behavior, and whether rewards track actual job revenue or only uptime. A farm of idle cards earning emissions without buyers is mining, not a compute market.