Layer 1 and Layer 2

Layer 1 is the base blockchain where final settlement lives. Layer 2 is built on top to make everyday activity faster or cheaper while still leaning on the base layer for security.

This matters because popular chains quickly run into tradeoffs between cost, speed, and decentralization. Layer 2 is one practical response.

Not every system calling itself "L2" inherits security in the same way, so the details matter. Rollups, sidechains, and bridges can have very different risk profiles.

The practical takeaway is simple: if you want scale without abandoning a trusted base layer, Layer 2 is usually where that effort shows up.