Chapter 9
Smart Wallets
Traditional wallets are externally owned accounts — a private key directly controls an address. Smart wallets are smart contracts on-chain, with programmable rules for who can sign, how recovery works, and what spending limits apply.
Account abstraction (ERC-4337 and related standards) lets these contract wallets behave like normal user accounts while adding features software alone cannot provide: session keys, gas sponsorship, and social recovery through trusted guardians.
Smart wallets are not automatically safer — buggy contract logic or weak guardian setup can create new failure modes. They are a bet that programmable custody can beat seed-phrase UX for the next wave of users.